A Taste of Tradition: Exploring the History and Variety of Regional Thanksgiving Dishes 

Thanksgiving is a quintessentially American holiday, a celebration of enduring values such as tradition, family, and gratitude. It can be a special time when families and friends gather around tables groaning under the weight of the season’s harvest, not only to give thanks for their blessings but also to pay homage to the culinary traditions that have left an indelible mark on this cherished occasion. From the succulent roast turkeys of the Northeast to the fiery, chili-laden dishes of the Southwest, the rich tapestry of regional Thanksgiving cuisine in the United States reflects the nation’s culture, its use of local ingredients, and the deep influence of historical legacies. 

In this post, we extend an invitation to embark on a captivating culinary journey across the United States. Together, we will delve into the history, significance, and variety of Thanksgiving dishes, region by region. Join us as we explore the distinct flavors of the South, the hearty fare of the Midwest, the simple yet comforting dishes of New England, the zesty accents of the Southwest, and the abundant coastal offerings of the West.  

This journey into the realm of regional Thanksgiving dishes not only tantalizes the palate but also provides an understanding of the cultural and historical tapestry that is uniquely American. So, let us embark on this flavorful expedition, savoring the rich tastes that both unite and distinguish each region, all while commemorating the shared tradition of gratitude that binds us together as a nation. 

New England 

In New England, Thanksgiving is not just a holiday; it’s a culinary tapestry woven with threads of history and tradition. The roots of this celebration run deep, tracing back to the early 17th century when the Pilgrims and Indigenous peoples came together to share a meal of gratitude. Today, Thanksgiving meals in this region are a magnificent fusion of those historical roots, the culinary influences of the past, and the bounty of local ingredients that paint a vibrant picture of the area’s rich culinary heritage. 

Historical Dishes: 

• Roast Turkey: Roast turkey is the centerpiece of the New England Thanksgiving feast, just as it is in many other parts of the United States. The tradition of serving turkey during Thanksgiving dates back to the early colonial period when it is believed that the Pilgrims and Native Americans shared a feast. Wild turkeys were abundant in the region, making them an accessible source of protein. Today, a roast turkey is a symbol of abundance and togetherness during Thanksgiving.
  

• Stuffing: In New England, stuffing is often made with a base of bread, mixed with herbs, onions, and sometimes oysters. The use of bread reflects the resourcefulness of early New Englanders who made use of available ingredients. The addition of oysters is a nod to the region’s coastal location and its abundant seafood. Oyster stuffing remains a popular choice in New England to this day.
  

• Cranberry Sauce: Cranberries are native to the region and have been a staple of the New England diet for centuries. Cranberry sauce, typically sweetened, is served as a side dish during Thanksgiving. It provides a tart contrast to the savory elements of the meal and adds a splash of vibrant color to the plate.
  

• Pumpkin Pie: Pumpkin pie is an iconic dessert of New England and a classic Thanksgiving treat. The early colonists learned to use pumpkins from Native Americans, and over time, pumpkin pies became a popular way to showcase the region’s agricultural products. The use of spices like cinnamon, nutmeg, and ginger in the pie filling is a nod to New England’s long history of spice trade.
  

• Squash: New Englanders have a long history of cultivating and consuming various types of squash. During Thanksgiving, dishes like butternut or acorn squash may be roasted or mashed to add a touch of sweetness and variety to the meal. These side dishes are a nod to the region’s agricultural heritage. 

The South 

In the South, Thanksgiving is a heartfelt celebration where food takes center stage. The role of food in this region’s Thanksgiving traditions is not merely a culinary endeavor; it’s a cultural and familial affair, deeply ingrained in the tapestry of Southern life. Thanksgiving in the South is a time-honored occasion where the rich history, rooted in a multitude of culinary traditions, pays tribute to the values of family, community, and an abiding love for comforting, soulful food. 

Historical Dishes: 

• Cornbread Stuffing or Dressing: Cornbread stuffing is a staple in Southern Thanksgiving feasts. This dish is made with cornbread, onions, celery, and various seasonings. It’s used to stuff the turkey or served as a side dish. Cornbread dressing reflects the Southern focus on corn as a staple grain.
  

• Collard Greens: Collard greens are a symbol of prosperity in the South, and they often find a place on the Thanksgiving table. Cooked with smoked meats like ham hocks, they represent the blending of African and Southern culinary traditions.
  

• Sweet Potato Casserole: Sweet potatoes are a Southern favorite, and the casserole is a popular Thanksgiving side dish. The sweet potatoes are often mashed with butter, sugar, and spices, then topped with a crunchy pecan or marshmallow topping.
  

• Pecan Pie: Pecan pie is a quintessential Southern dessert and is often served at Thanksgiving. Made with a filling of pecans, sugar, and syrup in a flaky crust, it showcases the region’s love for pecans, a native nut. 

The Midwest 

In the Midwest, Thanksgiving is a celebration that perfectly melds the past and the present, drawing upon a unique culinary heritage deeply intertwined with the region’s history and the spirit of the holiday. Thanksgiving traditions in the Midwest are a testament to the importance of both historical dishes and modern creations, with a focus on hearty, comforting fare that showcases the region’s agricultural roots, culinary traditions, and the shared sense of togetherness that the holiday represents. 

Historical Dishes: 

• Mashed Potatoes: Creamy mashed potatoes are a classic side dish in the Midwest, providing a comforting and hearty element to the meal.
  

• Casseroles: Casseroles, such as green bean casserole and sweet potato casserole, are commonly found on Midwest Thanksgiving tables. These dishes are important as they showcase local produce and provide a sense of comfort and tradition.
  

• Jell-O Salads: Retro Jell-O salads, often featuring fruit, whipped cream, or marshmallows, are a nostalgic and beloved addition to Midwest Thanksgiving tables.
  

• Pumpkin Pie: Pumpkin pie, a traditional dessert, is made with locally grown pumpkins, providing a creamy and spiced treat that embodies the essence of fall. 

The Southwest 

In the Southwest, Thanksgiving is a celebration that beautifully encapsulates the essence of a culinary and cultural fusion. It is a time when the region’s rich history, a product of Native American and Hispanic influences, merges seamlessly with modern interpretations that embrace the bold, spicy flavors that define Southwestern cuisine. The significance of specific ingredients and dishes in the Southwest’s Thanksgiving traditions is a tribute to the region’s extraordinary culinary heritage and a testament to its creativity. 

Historical Dishes: 

• Tamales: Tamales, a traditional dish in Southwestern cuisine, are often served at Thanksgiving. These flavorful bundles of masa (corn dough) filled with meats, cheese, or vegetables are a testament to the Hispanic influence on the region’s culinary heritage.
  

• Green Chili Cornbread: Green chili cornbread is a staple on Southwestern Thanksgiving menus. It combines the region’s love for cornbread with the spicy kick of green chiles.
  

• Posole: Posole, a hearty soup made from hominy and pork or chicken, reflects the Native American and Mexican influence on Southwestern cuisine. It’s a comforting and flavorful addition to the Thanksgiving spread. 

West Coast/Pacific Northwest 

In the West Coast and Pacific Northwest, Thanksgiving is a culinary celebration that embodies the essence of the region’s distinctive identity. Here, the role of food in Thanksgiving traditions goes beyond mere sustenance; it’s a reflection of the region’s values, its deep-rooted connection to the environment, and its commitment to the principles of sustainability and artisanal craftsmanship. Thanksgiving in this part of the country is a unique, sensory experience that emphasizes fresh, locally sourced ingredients, the bounties of the land and sea, and a dedication to culinary practices that celebrate the natural world. 

Historical Dishes: 

• Fresh Seafood: The West Coast and Pacific Northwest, with their proximity to the Pacific Ocean, incorporate fresh seafood into their Thanksgiving meals. Dungeness crab, salmon, oysters, and other local catches are featured prominently on the holiday table.
  

• Farm-to-Table Fare: These regions emphasize farm-to-table cuisine, making use of locally sourced and seasonal vegetables. Brussels sprouts, kale, and heirloom tomatoes are common choices.
  

• Heritage Turkey: While roast turkey is a Thanksgiving staple, there is a growing focus on heritage or free-range turkeys. These birds are raised in ethical and environmentally responsible conditions, aligning with the region’s commitment to sustainable food practices.
  

• Artisanal Breads: The West Coast and Pacific Northwest are known for their artisanal bakeries, providing a variety of specialty breads like sourdough and multigrain, often used for stuffing or as accompaniments.
  

• Wild Mushrooms: The region’s forests offer a variety of wild mushrooms, such as chanterelles and morels, which find their way into Thanksgiving dishes like gravies, stuffings, and side dishes, adding earthy, umami-rich flavors. 

Conclusion 

In conclusion, our culinary journey across the United States has unveiled a rich tapestry of regional Thanksgiving dishes that symbolize the very essence of this beloved holiday. From the humble beginnings of the Pilgrims in New England to the fiery, chili-infused feasts of the Southwest, each region has etched its unique mark on this national celebration. 

We’ve witnessed how history and tradition intertwine with the abundance of local ingredients to create dishes that not only satisfy our taste buds but also tell the stories of diverse communities that have contributed to the mosaic of American culture. Thanksgiving, in all its regional variations, is a celebration of the enduring values of tradition, family, and gratitude. 

As we come together around our tables, laden with the season’s harvest, let us not only savor the diverse flavors but also remember the shared tradition of gratitude that binds us as a nation. Whether you find yourself indulging in succulent turkey in the Northeast, hearty fare in the Midwest, zesty accents in the Southwest, or coastal offerings in the West, let this Thanksgiving be a reminder of the remarkable culinary heritage and shared values that make the holiday quintessentially American. 

May your Thanksgiving celebration be a time of reflection, appreciation, and, above all, a delicious journey through the unique flavors that paint the culinary landscape of our great nation. 

 -Blog post by Gerald Ward, Media & Digital Services Librarian

Resources 

History:

Baker, James W. Thanksgiving : The Biography of an American Holiday. University of New Hampshire Press, 2009. https://hpulibraries.on.worldcat.org/oclc/704517343. Accessed 23 Oct. 2023. 

Dooley, Beth. The Northern Heartland Kitchen. Minneapolis, University of Minnesota Press, 2011, https://hpulibraries.on.worldcat.org/oclc/769190540. Accessed 23 Oct. 2023. 

Karnasiewicz, Sarah. “The History of Traditional Thanksgiving Foods.” Real Simple, https://www.realsimple.com/holidays-entertaining/holidays/thanksgiving/history-of-thanksgiving. Accessed 23 Oct. 2023. 

Ott, Cindy. Pumpkin: The Curious History of an American Icon. Seattle, University of Washington Press, 2012, https://hpulibraries.on.worldcat.org/oclc/988442149. Accessed 23 Oct. 2023. 

Silverman, David J. This Land Is Their Land : The Wampanoag Indians, Plymouth Colony, and the Troubled History of Thanksgiving. Bloomsbury Publishing, 2019. https://hpulibraries.on.worldcat.org/oclc/1076501179 

Smith, Andrew F. The Oxford Encyclopedia of Food and Drink in America. 2nd ed., Oxford University Press, 2013 

Wikipedia contributors. “Thanksgiving dinner.” Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 31 Oct. 2023. Web. 7 Nov. 2023.‌  

Wolff, Peggy. Fried Walleye & Cherry Pie: Midwestern Writers on Food. Lincoln, University of Nebraska Press, 2013, http://hpulibraries.on.worldcat.org/oclc/857365251. Accessed 23 Oct. 2023. 

Recipes:

D’Amico, Joan. The U.S. History Cookbook: Delicious Recipes and Exciting Events from the Past. Hoboken NJ, Wiley, 2003. https://hpulibraries.on.worldcat.org/oclc/52315182  

Gooseberry Patch. Fall, Family & Friends Cookbook : Come Celebrate the Simple Country Pleasures of Good Food and Good Friends! New York, Gooseberry Patch, LLC, 2013, https://hpulibraries.on.worldcat.org/oclc/845252195. Accessed 23 Oct. 2023. 

Hanson, Carl. “America’s Best Regional Side Dishes for Thanksgiving.” Allrecipes, https://www.allrecipes.com/gallery/regional-thanksgiving-side-dishes/. Accessed 23 Oct. 2023.  

Moose, Debbie. Southern Holidays: A Savor the South Cookbook. Chapel Hill, The University of North Carolina Press, 2014. https://hpulibraries.on.worldcat.org/oclc/951808749