Curriculum

Introduction

The 27 month PA Program course of study is divided into a 15 month didactic phase and a 12 month clinical phase. The clinical phase also includes an evidence-based Master’s project. Self-directed learning is a key component of the curriculum. Subsequently, direct contact hours are limited to approximately 25 hours per week during the didactic phase.

Didactic Phase

The didactic phase of the program is an intensively integrated course of study. While there are a series of individual courses that students must take, the knowledge, skills and attitudes developed are interwoven throughout all parts of the curriculum. The didactic phase centers around “Clinical Decision Making”, a series of courses taught using an organ system approach through the lifespan and illustrating the standards of care across the gamut of health care delivery venues. Interactive lecture and small group formats are used to deliver the curriculum, highlighted by distinct experiential activities including problem-based learning, clinical simulation, standardized patients. The “Clinical Decision Making” series is supported by courses in Pathophysiology, Pharmacology/Pharmacotherapeutics, Evidence-based Medicine, History and Physical Examination and Clinical Methods and Procedures.

Clinical Phase

During the clinical year, students experience seven five-week rotations in family medicine, inpatient medicine, emergency medicine, general surgery, pediatrics, women’s health and behavioral medicine. Students are able to further explore additional clinical interests by taking two electives in other areas or sub-specialties of medicine, as available. Students meet at the end of each rotation to discuss and present experiences in seminar format.

Course Number	Course Name	Credits
	Summer Semester I
PAS 5101	Gross Anatomy	5
PAS 5103	Fundamentals of the Medical Profession	1
PAS 5107	Applied Biomedical Science	4
PAS 5109	Introduction to Medical Imaging	1
PAS 5151	Health Care Provider Communication Skills	2
PAS 5203	Health Care Ethics and Policy	1
	Fall Semester
PAS 5205	Interprofessional Seminar I	1
PAS 5211	Evidence-based Medicine - Population Health	1
PAS 5221	Pathophysiology I	2
PAS 5231	Clinical Decision Making I	7
PAS 5241	Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapeutics I	2
PAS 5251	History and Physical Examination I	2
PAS 5261	Clinical Methods and Procedures I	2
	Spring Semester
PAS 5307	Fundamentals of Surgery	1
PAS 5311	Evidence-based Medicine - Research Design and Biostatistics	1
PAS 5321	Pathophysiology II	2
PAS 5331	Clinical Decision Making II	7
PAS 5341	Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapeutics II	2
PAS 5351	History and Physical Examination II	2
PAS 5361	Clinical Methods and Procedures II	2
	Summer Semester II
PAS 5411	Evidence-based Medicine - Masters Project Prep	1
PAS 5421	Pathophysiology III	2
PAS 5431	Clinical Decision Making III	7
PAS 5441	Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapeutics III	3
PAS 5451	History and Physical Examination III	2
PAS 5461	Clinical Methods and Procedures III	2
	Clinical Year
PAS 6103	Clinical Seminar I	1
PAS 6110	Family Medicine	4
PAS 6120	Inpatient Medicine	4
PAS 6130	Emergency Medicine	4
PAS 6140	General Surgery	4
PAS 6150	Pediatrics	4
PAS 6160	Women's Health	4
PAS 6170	Behavioral Medicine	4
PAS 6175	Elective I	4
PAS 6176	Elective II	4
PAS 6199	Master's Project I	1
PAS 6203	Clinical Seminar II	1
PAS 6299	Master's Project II	1
PAS 6303	Clinical Seminar III	1
PAS 6399	Master's Project III	1

PAS 5101 – Gross Anatomy (5 credits)
This course is designed to familiarize the student with the clinically relevant aspects of human anatomy via an in-depth examination of anatomical structure and function. In addition to regional gross human anatomy, the course will also cover selected topics in embryology which are of clinical relevance to the structures studied. Emphasis is placed on anatomical structures and normal variants, spatial relationships among structures, and clinical correlations to pathology and disease presentation. The laboratory component of this course focuses attention on spatial relationships, anatomic variation, and relationship of organ systems. The lecture and lab sections correlate with the Applied Biomedical Science course that runs concurrently. The knowledge gained in this course will be essential for success in future courses in Clinical Decision Making and History and Physical Examination, as well as in the Clinical Phase of the Program.
Prerequisite: Admission to the PA program

PAS 5103 – Fundamentals of the Medical Profession (1 credit)
This course is designed to aid students in the transition into the medical profession and serves as an introduction to professional practice issues. Areas of discussion include history of the physician assistant profession, the PA-Physician team, professional organizations, health information technology, current professional hot topics, and intellectual honesty and professional conduct. The knowledge gained in this course will be essential to success in the experiential components of the Clinical Decision Making courses as well as in the Clinical Phase of the program.
Prerequisite: Admission to the PA program

PAS 5107 – Applied Biomedical Science (4 credits)

This course is designed to run concurrently with and complement the study of Gross Anatomy by providing scientific concepts and skills specific to the practice of medicine and expanding the areas typically covered in Gross Anatomy. Areas of study to include:

Surface Anatomy: observation and palpation of anatomic structures that are superficially identifiable through the skin of a living person: e.g. bones, muscles, blood vessels, tendons, ligaments and organs; as well as the study of topographic anatomy. Demonstration of competency by written exam and by identifying clinically important anatomic features on a living specimen.
Histology: study of the structural organization of tissues. Designed to bridge anatomic principles with the diagnosis of disease states as understood at the tissue level, diagnosed by using histological techniques. Demonstration of competency by written exam, identifying histologic features on electronic images.
Cell Biology: study of the medical aspects of normal cell function in the human body. Designed to provide the basic knowledge necessary to understand the alterations that occur at the molecular/cell level in disease states. Demonstration of competency via written exam.
Medical Imaging: identification of normal anatomic structures as they appear in clinical imaging techniques. Demonstration of competency by written exam and by identifying anatomic structures on radiographs, CT scans and MRIs.

The knowledge gained in this course will be essential to success in the Pathophysiology, Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapeutics, and Clinical Decision Making course series as well as in the Clinical Phase of the program..
Prerequisite: Admission to the PA program

PAS 5109 Introduction to Medical Imaging (1 Credit)
This course is an introduction to Medical Imaging. It is the intent of this course to encourage and facilitate an appreciation for the relationship between anatomical landmarks and different forms of medical imaging. Students will be introduced to key concepts including what imaging modality is appropriate to each area of the body, how imaging is taken and what can be properly appreciated on a medical image. They will identify anatomy on different types of medical images, including radiographic and non-radiographic modalities. Students will explore ways in medical imaging is used to deliver quality healthcare to the patient population in the US.
Prerequisite: Admission to the PA program

PAS 5111 – Population Health (2 credits)
This course is designed to provide an overview of population health including review of the public health system, introduction to core epidemiology principles, identifying best practices for health promotion and disease prevention, and understanding the primary social determinants of health and their role in creating health inequities within the US. The root causes of inequities in health outcomes and the relative effectiveness of the health care system in caring for all patients will be explored. The course will focus on the roles of history, power, privilege and structural inequality and its relation to the health of populations. Students will learn how to identify vulnerable populations and to respond to the health inequities vulnerable groups often experience. They will learn the role of cultural competence in health care provision and develop the skills to capably provide patient- centered care across cultural boundaries. Additionally they will learn about the effects of emerging global health concerns on health care locally and globally.
Prerequisite: Admission to the PA program

PAS 5151 – Health Care Provider Communication Skills (2 credits)
This course is designed to teach students the fundamentals of patient-centered communication skills, components of the medical interview, basic counseling and patient education techniques, respect for the patient as an individual, and behavioral change counseling strategies. These five components are learned in a layered fashion and reinforced through the introduction to writing a medical narrative.
Prerequisite: Admission to the PA program

PAS 5203 – Health Care Ethics and Policy (1 credit)
This course is designed to introduce students to health care ethics, law and policy. Students learn to appreciate the inseparable relationship between medicine and ethics, recognize key ethical obligations and challenges common in medical practice, identify sources of ethical value commonly used in ethical reasoning, and apply a systematic approach to clinical ethical practice. Students explore ways in which health care policy, legislation, and care delivery models impact the practice of medicine and provision of health care to the US population. Knowledge of concepts gained in this course will be essential to success in the experiential components of the Clinical Decision Making series of courses as well as in the Clinical Phase of the program.
Prerequisite: Successful completion or remediation of summer coursework

PAS 5205 – Interprofessional Seminar I (1 credit)
This course is the first in a series designed to help the PA student understand the roles of various health professions. During the course of their careers, professional PAs will interact with many diverse technicians, therapists and technologists all of whom have important roles to play in the care of patients. The American Medical Association currently recognizes over 80 professions in the health care field. In this course, students will have direct interaction with other health professionals. They will discuss roles and review perceptions of important health care issues. The initial focus of this course will be interprofessional interactions, presentations and discussions, which include case scenarios that have a wide range of interest across medical specialties and health care fields. The course will convene five times over the semester. The skills gained in this course will be essential to success in the Clinical Phase of the program
Prerequisite: Successful completion or remediation of summer coursework

PAS 5211 – Evidence-based Medicine I (1 credit)
This is the first in a series of three courses. Students will participate in a focused review of the basic concepts of research design and statistics as they apply specifically to the medical research literature, in order to form a basis for sound, evidence-based, high-value/cost-conscious based, clinical decision making. This course is designed to teach students the core elements of evidence-based medicine including developing clinical questions, searching the medical literature, appraising the literature, and applying evidence appropriately to the care of an individual patient. These four elements will be explored based on the types of clinical questions including etiology/harm, diagnosis, therapy, prognosis with additional attention spent critiquing systematic reviews and treatment guidelines. Components are learned in a layered fashion and reinforced through the application to specific case vignettes. This course supports the development of professional oral and written communication skills in preparation for the Master’s Project. The knowledge gained in this course will also be critical to success in the Clinical Decision Making series of courses as well as in the Clinical Phase of the program.
Prerequisite: Successful completion or remediation of summer coursework

PAS 5221 – Pathophysiology I (2 credits)

This is the first in a series of courses designed to run concurrently and complement Clinical Decision Making I, Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapeutics I and Evidence-based Medicine I by providing insights into molecular and pathophysiologic mechanisms of disease that inform evidence-based medical practice and pharmacotherapeutics. Brief discussions of normal physiology often precede exploration of the changes that cause disease. A strong working understanding of cell biology and histopathology as introduced in the “Applied Biomedical Science” course is a prerequisite.
Areas of study will include:

Immunology: A review of basic immunology and basic pathophysiologic derangements of the immune system including: innate and adaptive immunity, B- and T-cell development and effector function, hypersensitivity and clinical immunology. Connections will be made to select rheumatologic, dermatologic, hematologic and auto-immune conditions.
Genetics: A review of the organization and function of the human genome as well as common genetic diseases. Pathophysiology vis à vis abrogation of molecular genetic mechanisms will be a focus of this portion of the course.
Hematology/Oncology: An exploration of diseases of cellular blood elements as well as a survey of common hematologic and solid malignancies.
Infectious Disease: Identification and recognition of common pathogens by age group and body system will be the primary focus of this portion of the course.

This course will serve as a foundation for understanding the clinical presentation of genetic, immunologic, hematologic, dermatologic, oncologic and infectious diseases in other courses, including Clinical Decision Making I, as well as in the clinical phase of the curriculum.

Prerequisite: Successful completion or remediation of summer coursework

PAS 5231 – Clinical Decision Making I (7 credits)
This is the first in a series of experiential courses designed to provide an intensive study of human diseases and disorders, using a lifespan approach from pediatrics to geriatrics, in the areas of clinical medicine including epidemiology, etiology, historical data, clinical manifestations, progression, therapeutic management, prevention, laboratory medicine, and prognosis. Emphasis will be on disease processes common to primary care practices, and the development of differential diagnoses and plan based upon the patient’s clinical presentation. We will also focus on critical disease processes which may be threatening to life or function. Students will acquire problem-focused evaluation, diagnosis, and patient management skills. Concomitant study of pathophysiology will acquaint students with genetic and immunologic mechanisms of disease. The primary organ system-based areas of study include Oncology, Hematology, Rheumatology, Infectious Disease and Dermatology. Other areas of focus include Pediatrics, Geriatrics and Emergency Medicine. Other medical topics not included in the primary organ-systems identified above will also be included throughout the course. Students will be expected to apply knowledge obtained in anatomy, pathophysiology, pharmacology, clinical skills and procedures, and evidence-based medicine to these specific areas of study. Mastery of the concepts and topics in this course will be critical to successful performance in the Clinical Phase of the program.
Prerequisite: Successful completion or remediation of summer coursework

PAS 5241 – Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapeutics I (2 credits)
This course is designed to run concurrently with and complement Clinical Decision Making I. It is the first in a series of courses designed to develop the skills and knowledge base related to the principles of pharmacology as they pertain to therapeutic agents, both prescription and non-prescription. Major principles of pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties will initially be reviewed, followed by an introduction to pharmacogenetics and phamacogenomics. Subsequent discussion will include the principal mechanisms of action of the major classes of therapeutic agents, understanding of dynamic and kinetic properties, uses, side effects, and toxicities. Emphasis will be placed on the principles of altered dynamic/kinetic properties related to age, race, ethnicity and genetics as well as cost/benefit of pharmacological interventions including patient education with regards to drug administration, potential adverse side effects and drug-drug and drug-food interactions. Students will also become familiar with prescription writing and the laws governing this privilege in North Carolina. Areas of study will include Oncology, Hematology, Rheumatology, Infectious Disease and Dermatology. Skills developed in this course will be critical in progressing through the clinical phase of the program.
Prerequisite: Successful completion or remediation of summer coursework

PAS 5251 – History and Physical Examination I (2 credits)
This is the first in a series of courses designed to develop knowledge and skills required to obtain and record the complete medical history and perform a physical examination. This includes use of appropriate diagnostic equipment, proper examination techniques, and the use of accurate medical terminology to document findings. Emphasis is placed on developing skills in recognition of the “range of normal” physical findings. The course emphasizes patient-centered interviewing, acquiring a medical database, and performing a problem-focused and a comprehensive physical examination. A combination of lectures, discussion, case studies and performance skills labs will be used to present and practice the necessary concepts and skills.
Prerequisite: Successful completion or remediation of summer coursework

PAS 5261 – Clinical Methods and Procedures I (2 credits)
This is the first in a series of courses designed to develop a functional understanding of the appropriate uses and interpretations of clinical diagnostic testing, and is designed to complement the content covered in Clinical Decision Making and Pathophysiology. The course provides a foundation of clinical skills and diagnostic modalities to prepare the student for common professional responsibilities and practices in patient care. Course content includes theory and practice of selected clinical laboratory techniques and procedures, with emphasis on effective utilization of the clinical laboratory in the diagnosis and management of disease states. Students learn to select, perform, interpret and evaluate clinical laboratory imaging and other diagnostic tests used for diagnosing, treating, and managing patient needs. In the laboratory section of this course the emphasis is in “hands-on” experiences in which students practice and perform select procedures on classmates and/or partial task trainers. Simulations and models/trainers will also be utilized. Mastery of the concepts and skills developed in this course will be critical to success in the Clinical Phase of the program.
Prerequisite: Successful completion or remediation of summer coursework

PAS 5305 – Interprofessional Seminar II (1 credit)
This course is the second in a series designed to help the PA student understand the roles of various health professions. During the course of their careers, professional PAs will interact with many diverse technicians, therapists and technologists all of whom have important roles to play in the care of patients. The American Medical Association currently recognizes over 80 professions in the health care field. In this course, students will have direct interaction with other health professions involved in direct patient care through select Mini Clinical Experiences offered within the MPAS program. This is an experiential learning opportunity for students to reflect on the roles of various health professions as well as to review perceptions of important health care issues affecting the select patient population. The course also incorporates an experiential learning opportunity through an inter-institutional interprofessional workshop providing direct interaction with students and faculty from other health professions. Class sessions will focus on the IPEC Core Competency domains; Values/Ethics, Roles/Responsibilities, Communication, and Teamwork. The skills gained in this course will be essential to success in the Clinical Phase of the program.
Prerequisite: Successful completion or remediation of fall coursework

PAS 5307 – Fundamentals of Surgery (1 credit)
This course is designed to introduce the student to basic skills and concepts needed in the surgery rotation. The surgery rotation and the skills contained therein are required competencies for successful completion of the program. The primary focus will be on the skills needed for competent presence in the surgical suite as well as the pre-, intra- and post-operative care of the surgical patient. Selected surgical conditions will be selected as prototypes for the study of pathophysiology, clinical presentation and identification of surgical problems. Surgical techniques and procedures, including common outpatient and emergency interventions will also be addressed. Additionally, anesthetic techniques will be reviewed. Mastery of the skills and concepts presented in this course will be critical to success in the Clinical Phase of the program.
Prerequisite: Successful completion or remediation of fall coursework

PAS 5311 – Evidence-based Medicine II (1 credit)
This is the second course in a series of three courses. Students will participate in a focused review of the basic concepts of research methods and statistics as they apply specifically to the medical research literature in order to form a basis for prudent, patient-centric, evidence-based clinical and shared decision-making. This course is designed to both reiterate and build on the elements of evidence-based medicine learned in Evidence-Based Medicine I by focusing on efficient practices that empower clinicians to identify and answer clinical questions using the best-available evidence, which must always be integrated with a patient’s values and preferences and clinical expertise. The course continues to build skills necessary for both real-world application of biomedical evidence and the Master’s Project course series
Prerequisite: Successful completion or remediation of fall coursework

PAS 5321 – Pathophysiology II (2 credits)
This is the second in a series of courses designed to run concurrently with and complement Clinical Decision Making II, Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapeutics II and Evidence-based Medicine II by providing insights into molecular and pathophysiologic mechanisms of disease that inform evidence-based medical practice and pharmacotherapeutics. Discussions of normal physiology will precede the exploration of the changes that cause disease. Areas of study will include:

Cardiovascular: A discussion of basic pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying cardiovascular disease including dysrhythmias, heart failure, atherosclerosis and hypertension.
Pulmonary: A discussion of the pathophysiology of obstructive and restrictive lung diseases including asthma, COPD, apnea, pneumonoconioses and fibrosis.
Renal: A discussion of pathophysiologic mechanisms resulting in hypertension as well as acute and chronic renal failure.
Genitourinary/Reproductive: A discussion of pathophysiology of both male and female urinary and reproductive system disease. This will include mechanisms of central control.
Gastroenterology: A discussion of the pathophysiology of infectious, autoimmune, nutritional and metabolic derangements of GI function.
Endocrine: A discussion of the pathophysiology of thyroid, parathyroid, pituitary, hypothalamic, adrenal, bone and reproductive derangements.

This course will serve as a foundation for understanding the clinical presentation of disease in the above organ systems in Clinical Decision Making II as well as in the clinical phase of the curriculum.
Prerequisite: Successful completion or remediation of fall coursework

PAS 5331 – Clinical Decision Making II (7 credits)
This is the second in a series of experiential courses designed to provide an intensive study of human diseases and disorders, using a lifespan approach from pediatrics to geriatrics, in the areas of clinical medicine including epidemiology, etiology, historical data, clinical manifestations, progression, therapeutic management, prevention, laboratory medicine, and prognosis. Emphasis will be on disease processes common to primary care practices, and the development of differential diagnoses and plan based upon the patient’s clinical presentation. We will also focus on critical disease processes which may be threatening to life or function. Students will acquire problem-focused evaluation, diagnosis, and patient management skills. Concomitant study of pathophysiology will acquaint students with genetic and immunologic mechanisms of disease. The primary organ system-based areas of study include Cardiology, Pulmonary Medicine, Nephrology, Genitourinary, Gastroenterology, Endocrine and Reproductive Medicine. Other medical topics not included in the primary organ-systems identified above will also be included throughout the course. Students will be expected to apply knowledge obtained in the other program courses to these specific areas of study. Mastery of the concepts and topics in this course will be critical to successful performance in the Clinical Phase of the program.
Prerequisite: Successful completion or remediation of fall coursework

PAS 5341 – Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapeutics II (2 credits)
This course is designed to run concurrently with and complement Clinical Decision Making II. It is the second in a series of courses designed to develop skills related to the principles of pharmacology as they pertain to therapeutic agents, both prescription and non-prescription. Mastery of concepts and outcomes from Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapeutics I is essential for success in this course. Discussion will include the principal mechanisms of action of the major classes of therapeutic agents, understanding of pharmacodynamics, uses, side effects, and toxicities. Emphasis will be placed on the principles of altered pharmacodynamics related to age, race, and ethnic groups as well as cost/benefit of pharmacological interventions including patient education with regards to drug administration, potential adverse side effects and drug-drug and drug-food interactions. Areas of study will include Cardiology, Pulmonary Medicine, Nephrology, Genitourinary, Gastroenterology, Endocrine, and Reproductive Medicine. Skills developed in this course will be critical in progressing through the clinical phase of the program.
Prerequisite: Successful completion or remediation of fall coursework

PAS 5351 – History and Physical Examination II (2 credits)

This is the second in a series of courses designed to develop knowledge and skills required to obtain and record the complete medical history and perform a physical examination. In this course students develop a deeper understanding of the history and physical examination skills specific to various organ systems. This includes use of appropriate diagnostic equipment, proper examination techniques, and the use of accurate medical terminology to document findings. Emphasis is placed on developing skills in recognition of the “range of normal” physical findings and beginning to recognize selected abnormalities. The course emphasizes patient-centered interviewing, acquiring a medical database, and performing a problem-focused and a comprehensive physical examination. A combination of lectures, discussion, case studies and performance skills labs will be used to present and practice the necessary concepts and skills.

Lab sessions are used to optimize teaching of concepts. The student will be required to demonstrate Competency Based Learning during the performance of the required procedures and skills. In the laboratory section of this course the emphasis is in “hands-on” experiences in which students practice and perform select procedures on classmates, simulated patients, models, and/or partial task trainers. Successful attainment of outcomes from Gross Anatomy, Health Care Provider Communications Skills and Applied Biomedical Science will be essential performance in the History and Physical Examination series of courses. Subsequent proficiency in outcomes for the H&P series will be critical to success in the Clinical Decision Making series and the Clinical Phase of the program.
Prerequisite: Successful completion or remediation of fall coursework

PAS 5361 – Clinical Methods and Procedures II (2 credits)
This is the second in a series of courses designed to develop a functional understanding of the appropriate uses and interpretations of clinical diagnostic testing, and is designed to complement the content covered in Clinical Decision Making II and Pathophysiology II. The course provides a foundation of clinical skills and diagnostic modalities to prepare the student for common professional responsibilities and practices in patient care. Course content includes theory and practice of selected clinical laboratory techniques and procedures, with emphasis on effective utilization of the clinical laboratory in the diagnosis and management of disease states. Students learn to select, perform, interpret and evaluate clinical laboratory imaging and other diagnostic tests used for diagnosing, treating, and managing patient needs. In the laboratory section of this course the emphasis is in “hands-on” experiences in which students practice and perform select procedures on classmates and/or partial task trainers. Simulations and models will also be utilized. Mastery of the concepts and skills developed in this course will be critical to success in the Clinical Phase of the program.
Prerequisite: Successful completion or remediation of fall coursework

PAS 5401 – Introduction to Clinical Education (1 credit)
This course is designed to prepare students to begin their core clinical education experiences. Topics will include communication in the clinical setting, the use of electronic health records, professionalism, introduction to systems-based practices that improve healthcare safety, and an in-depth discussion of program expectations and requirements for successful progression through the clinical education experiences.
Prerequisite: Successful completion or remediation of spring coursework

PAS 5411 – Evidence-based Medicine III (1 credit)
This is the final course in a series of three courses. This course is designed to both reiterate and build on the elements of evidence-based medicine learned in Evidence-Based Medicine I and II. Students will engage in application-based, interactive exercises to help them continue to develop skill in prudent, patient-centric, high-value/cost-conscious, evidence-based clinical and shared decision-making. This course provides students with knowledge and skills pertaining to: (1) the basics of “the mechanics” of evidence-based medicine, (2) the Master’s Project course series, and most importantly, (3) the development of efficient critical appraisal and communicative practices that will empower students as future clinicians to identify and answer relevant clinical questions using the best-available evidence, which must always be integrated with a patient’s values and preferences and the clinician’s expertise to arrive at optimized and individualized decisions for their patients. Learning in this course will primarily take place via independent appraisal of various topics and research thereto appertaining immersive, case-based exercises with paired debriefings. The knowledge gained in this course will also be critical to success in both the Clinical Decision-Making course series and clinical practicum phase of the program.
Prerequisite: Successful completion or remediation of spring coursework

PAS 5421 – Pathophysiology III (2 credits)

This is the third and final in a series of courses designed to run concurrently with and complement Clinical Decision Making III, Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapeutics III and Evidence-based Medicine III by providing insights into molecular and pathophysiologic mechanisms of disease that inform evidence-based medical practice and pharmacotherapeutics. Discussions of normal physiology will precede the exploration of the changes that cause disease. Areas of study will include:

Orthopedics: A discussion of the basic science underlying common metabolic and traumatic diseases of bone and muscle.
Neuroscience: A discussion of the basic molecular function of the nervous system with special attention to neuroanatomy, seizure disorders, common neurologic disorders and behavioral health.
Ophthalmology/Otorhinolaryngology: A discussion of the pathophysiology behind the common sensory and infectious disorders of the eyes, ears, nose, sinuses, throat, larynx and neck.
Nutrition: A review of the normal function of fat soluble vitamins, water soluble vitamins and select minerals metabolism as well as the pathophysiology underlying common nutritional disorders

This course will serve as a foundation for understanding the clinical presentation of disease in the above organ systems in Clinical Decision Making III as well as in the clinical phase of the curriculum.

Prerequisite: Successful completion or remediation of spring coursework

PAS 5431 – Clinical Decision Making (7 credits)
This is the final in a series of experiential courses designed to provide an intensive study of human diseases and disorders, using a lifespan approach from pediatrics to geriatrics, in the areas of clinical medicine including epidemiology, etiology, historical data, clinical manifestations, progression, therapeutic management, prevention, laboratory medicine, and prognosis. Emphasis will be on disease processes common to primary care practices, and the development of differential diagnoses and plan based upon the patient’s clinical presentation. We will also focus on critical disease processes which may be threatening to life or function. Students will acquire problem-focused evaluation, diagnosis and patient management skills. The primary organ system-based areas of study will include Orthopedics, Neurology, Behavioral Medicine, EENT, and Nutrition. Other medical topics not included in the primary organ-systems identified above will also be included throughout the course. Students will be expected to apply knowledge obtained the other program courses to these specific areas of study. Mastery of the concepts and topics in this course will be critical to successful performance in the Clinical Phase of the program.
Prerequisite: Successful completion or remediation of spring coursework

PAS 5441 – Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapeutics III (2 credits)
This course is designed to run concurrently with and complement Clinical Decision Making III. It is the third in a series of courses designed to develop skills related to the principles of pharmacology as they pertain to therapeutic agents, both prescription and non-prescription. Mastery of concepts and outcomes from Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapeutics I & II is essential for success in this course. Discussion will include the principal mechanisms of action of the major classes of therapeutic agents, understanding of pharmacodynamics, uses, side effects, and toxicities. Emphasis will be placed on the principles of altered pharmacodynamics related to age, race, and ethnic groups as well as cost/benefit of pharmacological interventions including patient education with regards to drug administration, potential adverse side effects and drug-drug and drug-food interactions. Areas of study will include Diabetes, Osteoporosis, Gout, Neurology, Behavioral Medicine, EENT, and Nutrition and Integrative Medicine. Skills developed in this course will be critical in progressing through the clinical phase of the program.
Prerequisite: Successful completion or remediation of spring coursework

PAS 5451 – History and Physical Examination III (2 credits)

This is the final course in a series of courses designed to develop knowledge and skills required to obtain and record the complete medical history and perform a physical examination. In this course students develop a deeper understanding of the history and physical examination skills specific to the musculoskeletal and nervous systems. This includes use of appropriate diagnostic equipment, proper examination techniques, and the use of accurate medical terminology to document findings. Emphasis is placed on developing skills in recognition of the “range of normal” physical findings and beginning to recognize selected abnormalities. The course emphasizes patient-centered interviewing, acquiring a medical database, and performing problem-focused physical examinations. A combination of lectures, discussion, case studies and performance skills labs will be used to present and practice the necessary concepts and skills.

Successful attainment of outcomes from Gross Anatomy, Health Care Provider Communications Skills, and Applied Biomedical Science will be essential for successful performance in the History and Physical Examination series of courses. Proficiency in outcomes for the H&P series will be critical to success in the Clinical Decision Making series and the Clinical Phase of the program.

Prerequisite: Successful completion or remediation of spring coursework

PAS 5461 – Clinical Methods and Procedures III (2 credits)

This is the final in a series of three courses designed to develop a functional understanding of the appropriate uses and interpretations of clinical diagnostic testing, and is designed to complement the content covered in Clinical Decision Making and Pathophysiology. The course provides a foundation of clinical skills and diagnostic modalities to prepare the student for common professional responsibilities and practices in patient care. Course content includes theory and practice of selected clinical laboratory techniques and procedures, with emphasis on effective utilization of the clinical laboratory in the diagnosis and management of disease states. Students learn to select, perform, interpret and evaluate clinical laboratory imaging and other diagnostic tests used for diagnosing, treating, and managing patient needs. In the laboratory section of this course the emphasis is in “hands-on” experiences in which students practice and perform select procedures on classmates and/or partial task trainers. Simulations and models will also be utilized. Mastery of the concepts developed in this course will be critical to success in the Clinical Phase of the program.
Prerequisite: Successful completion or remediation of spring coursework

PAS 6103 – Clinical Seminar I (1 credit)
This course is the first in a series of three seminar style courses designed to aid the PA student in being successful in clinical rotations and in making the transition to the professional practice environment. Topics will include billing and coding, electronic medical records systems, patient safety, quality control/improvement, as well as special concerns during the inpatient medicine rotation. In additional to scheduled topics and guest speakers, students will be responsible for presenting case- and/or topic-related material to their classmates. Students may present unique cases or discuss novel topics that may be helpful to other students in their rotations. Seminar will meet on campus for a total of four, approximately three hour, sessions during the two day end-of-rotation activities.
Prerequisite: Successful completion or remediation of all didactic coursework

PAS 6110 – 6176 – Supervised Clinical Practice Experience
The supervised clinical practice experience (SCPE) rotations are the culminating learning activities of the physician assistant program. SCPE are comprised of seven core rotations that all students must take and two elective rotations in any of the medical specialties or subspecialties. During the seven core rotations and two elective rotations, students work with a practicing clinician (referred to as the preceptor) and are actively participating in the health care system as part of the health care team.
Prerequisite: Successful completion or remediation of all didactic coursework and successful completion or accommodation for deficiencies for all prior SCPEs required for all rotations)

PAS 6110 – Family Medicine (4 credits)
This five-week clinical course provides the physician assistant student with experience in practicing the principles of Family Medicine. Students will gain experience in outpatient evaluation of pediatric and adult patients, including preventive medicine and acute and chronic illness.

PAS 6120 – Inpatient Medicine (4 credits)
This five-week clinical course provides the physician assistant student with an opportunity to learn, understand and gain supervised experience in practicing the principles of inpatient medicine. The focus of this rotation is providing care for patients in the hospital setting with an emphasis on internal medicine.

PAS 6130 – Emergency Medicine (4 credits) This five-week clinical course provides the physician assistant student with experience in triage, evaluation, and management of patients of all ages in the emergency room setting. The student will have the opportunity to learn skills needed for the appropriate triage, stabilization, diagnosis and management of patients with significant traumatic injuries, acute illnesses, acute complications of chronic illnesses as well as the management of less life-threatening problems.

PAS 6140 – General Surgery (4 credits) This five-week clinical course provides the physician assistant student with an opportunity to learn, understand, and gain supervised experience in the principle and practice of General Surgery. Students will gain experience in the operating room as well as pre- and postoperative assessment and outpatient follow-up. The overall focus of this rotation is evaluation and care of patients with commonly encountered conditions requiring surgical management. By the end of this experience it is expected that the physician assistant student develop the necessary skills to first-assist a surgeon in a surgical setting.

PAS 6150 – Pediatrics (4 credits)
This five-week clinical course provides the physician assistant student with experience in outpatient and/or inpatient management of pediatric patients. The student will have the opportunity to perform well child exams, problem oriented exams, evaluate common pediatric illnesses, and the care of the newborn.

PAS 6160 – Women’s Health (4 credits)
This five-week clinical course provides the physician assistant student with experience in managing common gynecologic disorders. Obstetrics experience will include labor and delivery plus routine prenatal and postpartum care.

PAS 6170 – Behavioral Medicine (4 credits)
This five-week clinical course provides the physician assistant student with experience in caring for ambulatory and/or hospitalized patients with psychiatric disorders. The student will perform basic psychiatric evaluations, monitor medications, and support the clinical management plan for patients following psychiatric evaluation and treatment.

PAS 6175 – Elective I (4 credits)
This five-week clinical course provides the physician assistant student with the opportunity to gain experience in a specific area of interest. Areas of interest are chosen from a variety of surgical, family medicine, or internal medicine specialties or subspecialties. The student will be able to recognize conditions treatable by these specialties, so they can refer patients appropriately and/or work in a supportive role for such specialists.

PAS 6176 – Elective II (4 credits)
This five-week clinical course provides the physician assistant student with the opportunity to gain experience in a specific area of interest. Areas of interest are chosen from a variety of surgical, family medicine, or internal medicine specialties or subspecialties. The student will be able to recognize conditions treatable by these specialties, so they can refer patients appropriately and/or work in a supportive role for such specialists.

PAS 6203 – Clinical Seminar II (1 credit)

This course is the second in a series of three seminar style courses designed to aid the PA student in being successful in clinical rotations and in making the transition to the professional practice environment. Topics will include licensing and credentialing; finding a job; insurance systems, and prior authorization. In additional to scheduled topics and guest speakers, students will be responsible for presenting case- and/or topic-related material to their classmates. Students may present unique cases or discuss novel topics that may be helpful to other students in their rotations. Seminar will meet on campus for a total of approximately 15 hours of sessions, workshops, and evaluations during the two day end-of-rotation activities during the semester.
Prerequisite: Successful completion or remediation of all didactic coursework

PAS 6303 – Clinical Seminar III (1 credit)
This course is the last in a series of three seminar style courses designed to aid the PA student in being successful in clinical rotations and in making the transition to the professional practice environment. Topics will include laws and regulations for PA practice, delivery of cost-conscious care, medico-legal issues, workplace stress and provider burnout, and the impaired provider. In additional to scheduled topics and guest speakers, students will be responsible for presenting case- and/or topic-related material to their classmates. Students may present unique cases or discuss novel topics that may be helpful to other students in their rotations. Seminar will meet on campus for a total of approximately 12 hours of sessions during the two day end-of-rotation activities during the semester
Prerequisite: Successful completion or remediation of all didactic coursework

PAS 6199, 6299, 6399 Master’s Project I-III (1 credit each)
The Master’s Project builds on the evidence-based medicine course series completed during the didactic phase of the program by having students participate individually in the conception, development, and production of a paper of publishable quality. The paper will incorporate the basic concepts of research design and statistics as they apply specifically to the medical research literature, in order to recommend sound, evidence-based, high-value/cost conscious clinical guidance to an audience of their peers. This course is designed to teach students the essential skills required for effective and efficient publication of peer-reviewed evidence-based medicine articles. The essential skills include identifying highly-relevant clinical questions or topics, performing a thorough review of the literature summarizing the current state of the topic, identifying the ideal publication venue for disseminating the information, determining the most appropriate article type and format within the given publication, writing a letter of interest to the journal editor, identifying the journal articles primary readership, drafting an introduction that compels the audience to read the article, writing (and re-writing) the manuscript in order to complete the article in alignment with the author guidelines for submission, and interacting professionally with the editorial staff as needed to guide the manuscript through the peer-review and production processes. These nine activities will be accomplished by each individual student with direct faculty mentorship.
Prerequisite: Successful completion or remediation of all didactic coursework

Summer Semester I

Fall Semester

Spring Semester

Summer Semester II

Clinical Year